Shared Power–Hydrogen Energy Storage Capacity Planning and Economic Assessment for Renewable Energy Bases

Large-scale renewable energy bases in desert regions face challenges of unstable output and inefficient utilization due to the fluctuating nature of wind and solar power. To address these issues, this study proposes an optimization model for shared hybrid electricity–hydrogen energy storage across multiple micro-energy systems. The model minimizes the total investment and operation cost under electricity–hydrogen coupling and system balance constraints, and an improved Shapley value method is introduced to ensure fair cost allocation among participants. A case study based on a desert renewable base shows that the proposed shared configuration reduces the total annualized cost by 10.36% and increases renewable energy utilization by 12.19% compared with independent electrical storage systems. These results demonstrate that shared hybrid storage can effectively enhance energy utilization and cost efficiency in large-scale renewable energy bases, providing a feasible approach for integrated power–hydrogen energy management.