Assessing Physiological Loads during Passenger Entry and Exit at the Railway Station: An Experimental Analysis

This study focuses on the often-neglected aspect of physiological load on passengers at high-speed railway stations, characterized by their large footprints and complex layouts, which contribute to physical fatigue and discomfort. We propose a generic framework for assessing physiological loads experienced by passengers during entry and exit, incorporating the estimation of physiological indicators, design of experimental programs, and analytical techniques. The results indicate that initial physiological state, walking distance and baggage load have a significant effect on physiological load. Interaction analysis further reveals that fatigue and heavy baggage significantly amplify the energy burden of long walking distances. Elderly participants exhibit greater sensitivity, with higher energy expenditure under fatigued or loaded conditions. In contrast, gender shows no significant effect, and body weight has a moderate influence, primarily among heavier individuals. The study also identifies six factor combinations that lead to high energy expenditure rates when present simultaneously. Furthermore, we identify ideal walking ranges and thresholds for passengers with varying travel activity characteristics, particularly benefiting elderly individuals. These insights provide empirical data and policy recommendations for designing station layouts that consider the physiological loads of traveling, aiming to enhance passenger comfort and station efficiency.