Interpretation of Magnetism and Gravitation as Relational Residual Effects of the Electric Force

This article demonstrates that magnetic force and Newton’s law of universal gravitation can be derived from the solution of Maxwell’s equations for moving point charges. For this purpose, a plasma droplet model is postulated, consisting of an aggregation of point charges undergoing Brownian motion within a very small three-dimensional volume. As the velocity of the charges is random due to the Brownian motion, it is described by a probability distribution. It is shown that a non-zero velocity standard deviation leads to the magnetic force, while Newton’s law of universal gravitation can be derived from a non-zero velocity variance. This suggests that magnetism and gravitation might be closely related.

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Publication Details

Journal
Magnetism
Published
2025-11-27
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetism5040029
Primary Topic
Statistical Mechanics and Entropy
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Interpretation of Magnetism and Gravitation as Relational Residual Effects of the Electric Force

Steffen Kühn
Magnetism
Statistical Mechanics and Entropy
article

Interpretation of Magnetism and Gravitation as Relational Residual Effects of the Electric Force

Steffen Kühn
article en

Abstract

This article demonstrates that magnetic force and Newton’s law of universal gravitation can be derived from the solution of Maxwell’s equations for moving point charges. For this purpose, a plasma droplet model is postulated, consisting of an aggregation of point charges undergoing Brownian motion within a very small three-dimensional volume. As the velocity of the charges is random due to the Brownian motion, it is described by a probability distribution. It is shown that a non-zero velocity standard deviation leads to the magnetic force, while Newton’s law of universal gravitation can be derived from a non-zero velocity variance. This suggests that magnetism and gravitation might be closely related.

MagnetismVol. 5(4)
Oldham Council (GB)
Openalex Percentile: Top 70%
Statistical Mechanics and Entropy
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