Coordinated restoration for interdependent power and natural gas systems by decentralized scheme

The escalation of gas-fired generation units within the electric power system (EPS) and electricity-driven facilities in the natural gas system (NGS) highlights the growing interdependency between these two systems. Following a blackout, a decentralized coordinated restoration strategy must be devised, considering the interdependencies and information privacy of the two systems. This paper proposes a decentralized scheme for the efficient coordinated restoration of the interdependent EPS and NGS (EPS-NGS). Initially, a decentralized decision-making framework is proposed considering the interdependency and coordination interaction between the EPS and NGS. Then, the decoupled restoration optimization problems of the EPS and NGS are formulated as an integer quadratic program (IQP) and a mixed-integer quadratic program (MIQP), respectively, which also account for the dynamic characteristics of the NGS. Moreover, a solution method based on analytical target cascading (ATC) is developed to iteratively solve the decentralized models. An iterative algorithm is proposed to handle integer variables in the MIQP of NGS for real-time decision-making. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach are demonstrated through numerical simulations using the interdependent New England 10-machine 39-bus system and the Belgium gas transmission system.