Possibility of Type-III Multiferroics Hosting <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>d</mml:mi> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:math> Ferroelectricity and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.
Multiferroics are known to be classified into two types. However, type I lacks sufficient magnetoelectric coupling and type II lacks sufficient electric polarization, making both practically difficult. In this Letter, we explore the possibility of type-III multiferroics, where the origins of ferroelectricity and magnetism are highly intertwined but not causally related, with a combination of strong magnetoelectric coupling and large polarization. Our first-principles calculations predict that monolayer TiCdO_{4} is such a type-III ferroelectric-ferromagnetic multiferroic with both electronic and magnetic orders originating from competing electron populations on oxygen atoms. It shows an electric polarization of 50 μC/cm^{2}, while the maximum linear and quadratic magnetoelectric response are as high as 35 000 ps/m and 1.59×10^{-14} s/A, respectively. Our Letter opens up new perspectives for the discovery and design of much-anticipated multiferroics that can be used for cross-modulation.
Authors
- Yuanchang Li (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1271-7223)
- Haojin Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4582-1680)
- Meng Ye (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2814-6071)
- Haitao Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1453-5431)
Institutions
- Beijing Institute of Technology (CN)
- China Academy of Engineering Physics (CN)
- Computational Physics (United States) (US)
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Physical Review Letters
- Published
- 2025-10-08
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1103/crlx-bc4r
- Citations
- 3
- Primary Topic
- Multiferroics and related materials
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 1.28