Combined Application of Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Enhances Growth and Soil Functionality in Common Bean Under Drought Stress

ABSTRACT Legume crops are excellent sources of nutrients, including proteins, vitamins, and fatty acids. However, their agricultural productivity is severely affected worldwide due to drought stress. Combined application of biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) improves plant growth, soil biochemical properties, and mitigates drought stress. This study evaluated the individual and combined effects of biochar and AMF on common bean growth, root morphological traits, and soil enzyme activities under drought conditions. A net house experiment was conducted using various treatments involving biochar application, AMF inoculation, and a combination of biochar and AMF. Results of the present study demonstrated that both biochar and AMF treatments significantly improved plant growth parameters and root morphological traits compared to the control under drought stress conditions. The combined application of biochar and AMF produced synergistic effects, improved root development, soil enzyme activities, chlorophyll content, and microbial biomass. Findings of the present study suggest that integrating biochar and AMF applications can effectively mitigate the negative impacts of drought by enhancing soil microbial activity and plant physiological responses. It provides valuable insights into sustainable practices for legume productivity under drought stress.