Reconceptualizing English language learning resilience from positive psychology: scale development and psychometric validation

Theoretically, the study reconceptualizes resilience in language learning through the lens of positive psychology, offering a more nuanced understanding of its dimensions and functions. Practically, the scale offers educators a diagnostic tool for identifying learners with lower resilience and implementing targeted interventions to strengthen their capacity to adapt, persist, and thrive in the face of linguistic challenges, thereby promoting both their language learning success and overall psychological well-being.