The influence of ethanol premixing on <scp>5E</scp> concept in a <scp>CI</scp> engine fueled with camphor oil–diesel blend: A response surface methodology approach

Abstract This article aims to study the effects of ethanol premix on the energy, exergy, emission, economic, and environmental (5E) characteristics of a CI engine running on camphor oil blend diesel fuel. The fuel samples are prepared by blending camphor oil and diesel in equal volumes and used to experiment on a computerized water‐cooled single‐cylinder compression ignition engine by varying the ethanol premix ratio from 0% to 20%. The experimental design matrix is obtained using the central composite method for the input load (50%–100%) and ethanol premixing ratio (0%–20%). The premixing of ethanol curtails the thermal, volumetric, and exergy efficiencies to 28.46%, 82.91% and 32.25% as well as the sustainability index by 1.476. It also inflates brake specific energy consumption to 12.64 MJ/kWh, entropy generation to 0.0446 kW/K, and engine cooling water exergy to 0.278 kW. The emission results showed that ethanol's premixing worsened the HC to 0.42 g/kWh and CO emissions to 8.79 g/kWh. On the other hand, nitrogen monoxide, carbon dioxide, and smoke emissions declined to 8.56 g/kWh, 829.87 g/kWh, and 29.1% with the premixing of ethanol.