Dyson equation for correlated linearizations and test error of random features regression

This paper develops some theory of the Dyson equation for correlated linearizations and uses it to solve a problem on asymptotic deterministic equivalent for the test error in random features regression. The theory developed for the correlated Dyson equation includes existence-uniqueness, spectral support bounds and stability properties. This theory is new for constructing deterministic equivalents for pseudo-resolvents of a class of linearizations with correlated entries. In the application, this theory is used to give a deterministic equivalent of the test error in random features ridge regression, in a proportional scaling regime, wherein we have conditioned on both training and test datasets.