Enhanced Optimum PTFOIDN Speed Controller for Battery-Powered Brushless Direct Current Motor-Based Electromobility Applications

Lithium-ion batteries form the backbone of the recent transition to electric vehicles (EVs). Due to limited capacities, costly replacements, and short lifetimes, proper control and management systems are essential for developing modern battery-powered EV systems. Brushless direct current (BLDC) motors have gained popularity in traction and industrial drive applications due to their high efficiency and long lifespan. The speed controller for the BLDC motor is a critical element in defining the system’s overall response and performance. Therefore, this paper presents a non-integer fractional-order control scheme to enhance a hybridized speed controller for BLDC motors. Unlike existing integer- and non-integer-based controllers in the literature, the new modified controller is a hybrid structure that combines the three control schemes. The proposed control is constructed using the hybrid proportional-tilt-fractional order Integrator-derivative with filter (PTFOIDN) controller. The proposed PTFOIDN controller inherently incorporates the merits of FOPI, TID, and FOPID control structures and branches within a single, hybridized structure. The proposed PTFOIDN controller features eight tunable parameters, allowing for more flexible design possibilities. Furthermore, a practical design methodology using a recent Marine Predators Algorithm (MPA) is proposed in this paper to determine the optimum set of control parameters simultaneously. Different drive cycles, comparative analysis, and operating scenarios are presented in the paper to validate the effectiveness of the new proposed PTFOID controller and MPA-based control design.