The impact of Taekwondo instructors’ nonverbal communication on student engagement in liberal arts education: evidence from Chinese universities

This study contributes a novel, tripartite model for assessing NVC's total impact in sport pedagogy. We propose a sequential model where NVC first builds foundational trust and value (emotional/cognitive) and then, specifically through spatial cues, fosters the sense of belonging necessary for behavioral advocacy. These findings provide crucial data for the revitalization and teacher training of liberal arts Taekwondo classrooms.