A mixed-integer non-linear programming model for a reliable perishable crop supply chain to manage the disruption risk

This research aims to design a supply chain network (SCN) for perishable crops. It also takes into account the disruption risk in the production sector and the protection strategy to enhance the network's reliability. The proposed model aims to maximize the total profit of the supply chain (SC) and minimize the transportation time of products. In this study, a Mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) model is proposed to optimize the design of the crop SCN. Furthermore, a real case study was conducted in Iran to demonstrate the applicability of the addressed model. The results and the sensitivity analysis of the mathematical model indicate that it is possible to effectively meet society's product demand by planning planting and harvesting while maximizing the chain's profit. Addressing disruption and product protection also aligns the model more closely with real conditions, reducing waste and its associated negative environmental impact. The increasing global demand for food, coupled with disruptions in food supply, has led to a significant rise in food cultivation to support the human population. However, the quantity and timing of production must align with product demand to prevent shortages or oversupply. Given that there is currently no comprehensive planning for the production of perishable crops in Iran, there is a need to explore SC models in the agricultural sector, specifically for the production and distribution of perishable crops. In this context, the study presents the design of the SCN for these products, covering everything from planting to distribution. • A reliable SCN for perishable crops is developed under production disruption risks. • A protection strategy is incorporated to enhance system resilience and minimize waste. • A MINLP model is formulated for network design optimization. • Real-world applicability is validated through a case study in Iran. • The model maximizes total profit while ensuring timely delivery to meet demand.