Analysis of Hydrogel Incorporation in a Polymethyl Methacrylate Matrix: Feasibility and Integration

Introduction: Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a polymer known for properties such as aesthetic quality, ease of processing and a wide range of applications in dentistry. PMMA has drawbacks, including its odour and taste, poor thermal conductivity and potential allergenic properties. Sodium alginate (SA) hydrogels are also polymers, recognised for their gel-forming ability, biodegradability, controlled release, adjustable mechanical properties and antimicrobial characteristics. Both PMMA and hydrogels are polymers, and when combined, they can create a composite dental material that can significantly enhance the development of dental practice materials. The aim of the study is to analyse whether hydrogel can be incorporated into a PMMA matrix. Materials and Methods: An in vitro study was conducted using 36 samples made by combining conventionally used PMMA with food-graded SA at different concentrations. Sample discs were prepared and checked for their chemical composition and surface morphology using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and the results were evaluated. Results: PMMA with SA hydrogel showed distinct stretches of organic chemical bonding in FTIR graphs. SEM-EDS showed magnified images of samples, showing their physical morphology. Conclusion: PMMA and SA hydrogel can be combined in a ratio of 1:2 (polymer: SA hydrogel). The SA hydrogel particles are dispersed in the PMMA matrix.