Developing the HEART framework: a qualitative study on faculty engagement in service-learning in Malaysia

To enhance faculty engagement, this study introduces the HEART framework, which emphasises "hands-on experience, empathy, awareness of community needs, reflection, and teamwork." While the framework provides a structured approach to supporting faculty involvement, further validation is necessary to evaluate its effectiveness across diverse educational settings. Future research should refine its components and explore long-term faculty engagement in service-learning.