Houttuynia cordata Thunb. extract in pig production: a multifaceted alternative to antibiotics with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and health-promoting properties

Abstract This review explores the feasibility of Houttuynia cordata Thunberg extract as a viable substitute for antibiotics in swine husbandry, emphasizing its multifaceted activities against microbial infections, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses. The extract improves intestinal health, boosts immune responses, and enhances reproductive performance in pigs, tackling key challenges such as antibiotic resistance and oxidative stress. Key bioactive compounds, including flavonoids (quercetin, hyperoside) and volatile oils (2-undecanone), exhibit dose-dependent efficacy against pathogens such as Salmonella , PRRSV, and Staphylococcus aureus . This work underscores the dual role of the extract in improving pig productivity and reducing reliance on conventional antibiotics, suggesting a paradigm shift in sustainable livestock management. Graphical abstract Houttuynia cordata extract exhibits core bioactivities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory through specific molecular mechanisms. These actions synergistically enhance disease resistance, reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, and promote immune balance, ultimately improving overall pig health, growth performance, and reproductive efficiency, which positions Houttuynia cordata extract as a natural, sustainable alternative to antibiotics in swine husbandry.