Key physiological indicators and technological trends in physiology-directed cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A narrative review

Cardiac arrest remains a critical public health challenge with consistently low survival rates worldwide, underscoring the urgent need to optimize the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Physiology-directed cardiopulmonary resuscitation, through real-time monitoring of parameters such as end-tidal carbon dioxide and diastolic blood pressure, enables clinicians to objectively assess cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality and make adjustments in real time, advancing towards personalized resuscitation therapy. This review investigates the relationships between key physiological indicators - including coronary perfusion pressure, arterial blood pressure, end-tidal carbon dioxide, and cerebral regional oxygen saturation - and compression parameters, along with their value for resuscitation outcomes. Moreover, it synthesizes current evidence supporting the efficacy of physiology-directed resuscitation. The review also addresses the limitations of invasive monitoring techniques and explores the application of noninvasive methods in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, providing critical analysis and insights into emerging technological trends in physiology-directed resuscitation.