There is not one Parkinson’s disease, nor is there one cure

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is not a single disease but a diverse syndrome with varied biological mechanisms, symptoms, and trajectories. Outdated stereotypes and one-size-fits-all approaches to disease-modifying therapies have stymied progress in research, and public understanding. Emerging efforts in biomarker-based subtyping and precision medicine emphasize personalized methods tailored to an individual’s biology. Progress requires research includes all segments of the patient population and the understanding that the cure is personalized.