Catalytic photoinduced deoxygenation via B(C6F5)3-enabled oxygen atom transfer for aromatic C–H amination of alkylarenes
The catalytic deoxygenation of N - OH bonds to generate N-centered radicals remains a significant challenge due to the high bond dissociation energy and reliance on stoichiometric auxiliaries or activators. Herein, we report a B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub>-catalyzed photoinduced deoxygenation strategy that enables direct aromatic C(sp²)-H amination of alkylarenes using N-hydroxyphthalimides (NHPIs) as nitrogen sources. Mechanistic studies reveal that the in situ formation of a PhthN-O - B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub> anion intermediate facilitates an unusual energy transfer (EnT)-mediated N - O bond homolysis, generating a phthalimidyl radical (PhthN•) while regenerating the borane catalyst. This method overrides the conventional preference for benzylic C - H oxidation, achieving exclusive aromatic C - H amination with broad substrate scope, including electron-rich/poor alkylarenes, heteroarenes, and biomolecules. The catalytic protocol operates under mild conditions, avoids stoichiometric organic auxiliaries/activators, and produces H₂O as the sole byproduct, thus, making it a promising option to supplant existing strategies for arene amination. Applications in late-stage functionalization of pharmaceuticals and the synthesis of a nilotinib precursor highlight its synthetic utility. This study establishes B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub> as a versatile catalytic oxygen atom transfer (OAT) reagent in photochemistry, opening avenues for sustainable radical generation.
Authors
- Yongmin Ma (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9521-767X)
- Huanyi Qiu
- Renhua Zheng (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6139-2939)
- Zhentao Pan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8855-2939)
- Lei Wang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6580-7671)
Institutions
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (CN)
- Taizhou University (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2025-11-27
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-66712-w
- Citations
- 3
- Primary Topic
- Catalytic C–H Functionalization Methods
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 2.81
Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Taizhou University
- Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province