Application of Molecular Hydrogen in Early Heart Failure Development: Modulation of Microcirculation, Metabolism, Oxidative Stress, and Myocardial Status

Oxidative stress is a key factor in the development of chronic heart failure (CHF). Molecular hydrogen (H₂) exhibits antioxidant properties, yet the mechanisms by which it alleviates hemodynamic disturbances and ischemic myocardial injury in CHF are not fully understood. This study examined the effects of a single (40-min) and multiple (40-min daily for 5 days) inhalations of H₂ in a rat model of CHF induced by catecholamine administration. Microcirculatory function was evaluated using laser Doppler flowmetry and laser fluorescence spectroscopy. Lipid peroxidation levels in plasma and myocardium were measured, and histological analysis of myocardial tissue was performed. The findings demonstrated that H₂ inhalation improved microvascular perfusion (<i>p</i> < 0.05) by activating local regulation and restoring central control mechanisms. This contrasts with the decreased perfusion and disrupted adaptive regulation observed in CHF. Notably, oxidative stress and metabolic abnormalities induced in the model were significantly mitigated by H₂, with the most substantial effects observed after multiple administrations (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Histological assessments revealed that repeated H₂ inhalation reduces myocardial edema and preserves tissue morphology during cardiac remodeling. In conclusion, hydrogen therapy shows potential for delaying CHF progression at early stages by normalizing microcirculation and tissue metabolism.