Effects of Pranayama on Recently Diagnosed Migraine: A Detailed Study Incorporating Cardiac Autonomic Functions and Clinical Scores

Abstract Context and Aims: Migraine is considered to be a primary headache disorder manifested by frequent on-and-off attacks of moderate to intense pain, mostly pulsatile or throbbing in nature. While various treatment options exist, including medication, non pharmacological interventions are also being explored to alleviate symptoms and improve overall well-being. By exploring the impact of Pranayama on multiple domains, this study aimed to provide valuable insights into the potential benefits of this nonpharmacological intervention and its role in improving the well-being of individuals affected by migraine. Subjects and Methods: Recently diagnosed migraine patients were assigned into two groups, namely the control group ( n = 43) and the Yoga group ( n = 43). The yoga group received 12 weeks of pranayama with conventional care, and the control group received conventional care alone. Cardiac autonomic functions and clinical scores (Migraine Disability Assessment Scores, Headache Impact Test-6, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale) were assessed at baseline and the end of the intervention. Results: Cardiac autonomic functions as well as clinical scores were improved in both the groups, and this was significant in the yoga group. Vagal tone was significantly improved in the yoga group as compared to the control group. Conclusion: In light of the findings from this randomized controlled trial, it is evident that a 12-week Pranayama practice holds immense promise as a safe and accessible complementary intervention for individuals with recently diagnosed migraine under stable therapy. Pranayama, with its positive therapeutic impact on multiple aspects of migraine pathology and its noninvasive nature, holds great promise for individuals seeking alternative or complementary treatments for migraine.