Investigation of Extraction and Evaluation of the Biological Activity of Extract from <i>Gnetum Montanum</i> Markgr.

Gnetum montanum Markgr. (G. montanum) is renowned for its potent medicinal properties and biological activities. Research focused on extracting its active compounds using maceration and Soxhlet extraction methods, with a particular focus on the polyphenol content. The maceration method demonstrated optimal effectiveness, with the highest polyphenol content achieved using 80% ethanol with a raw material/solvent (RM/S) ratio of 1/8 (w/w) and performing the extraction three times, resulting in 4.321 mg resveratrol/g of extract, as measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The macerated extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity (IC50 = 5.23 ± 0.204 µg/mL for DPPH), effectively inhibited Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) with MIC values of 5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL, and 10 mg/mL, respectively, and demonstrated notable xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity (IC50 = 6.15 ± 0.283 µg/mL). The Soxhlet method yielded 4.847 mg resveratrol/g extract and showed strong antioxidant activity (IC50 = 11.51 ± 0.403 µg/mL for DPPH) and antibacterial effects, with MIC values of 10 mg/mL and >10 mg/mL against tested bacteria. Experimental formulation of tablets based on the extracts demonstrated that met the disintegration and mass uniformity tests, further validating the potential of G. montanum as a valuable medicinal resource. This study opens up avenues for the development of future health protection products derived from this plant.