The Science of Surgical Force: A New Field of Study in Urology
This is the first comprehensive review defining surgical force thresholds across urologic tissues to support integration of force-aware technologies into practice and education. Future work should focus on standardizing force application to improve outcomes, especially as force-sensing tools are developed and artificial intelligence-guided platforms become more widely available.
Authors
- Seyed Amiryaghoub M. Lavasani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8143-0158)
- Eman N. Chaudhri (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3162-5655)
- Bruce M. Gao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-4316)
- Ahmed S. Ali (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3341-8177)
- M. Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3917-2731)
- Mariah C. Hernandez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7911-1342)
- Ralph V. Clayman
- Jaime Landman
- Yezan F. Hadidi
Institutions
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Journal of Endourology
- Published
- 2025-11-27
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1177/08927790251394738
- Primary Topic
- Surgical Simulation and Training
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00