Congenital hepatic arteriovenous fistula: a case report and review of the literature

Patients with diffuse hepatic arteriovenous fistula are prone to symptoms of portal hypertension, such as gastrointestinal bleeding caused by esophageal-gastric varices and ascites resulting from poor venous return, which significantly impact patient safety and quality of life. Arterial embolization provides only temporary symptom control. In cases where diffuse hepatic arteriovenous fistula is suspected or when interventional treatment fails, prompt liver transplantation should be considered. Therefore, this case report aims to enhance the understanding of the timing and selection of hepatic arteriovenous fistula treatment, along with providing a review of previous studies.