Benchmarking CO2 emissions and wastewater as feedstocks in biological processes

<ns3:p>Rapid population growth, industrialization, and increasing energy demands have intensified environmental challenges, driven by raising wastewater and exhaust gas discharge. Along with fossil fuel depletion, more pressing energy needs have widely accelerated research into renewable energy sources, as well as diverse waste-to-value strategies, converting waste streams into biofuels, energy and commodity chemicals. Several approaches such as carbon capture and utilization (CCU), carbon capture and storage (CCS) and wastewater reuse are gaining meaningful attention to prompt carbon emission reduction and circular economy benefit. However, information available in literature about these sources is dispersed, and a dataset detailing the composition of these feedstocks is lacking, despite its potential to optimize bioprocesses such as gas fermentation, microbial electrosynthesis or microalgae cultivation. A dataset comprising distinct feedstock composition analyses is presented. The feedstocks are categorised into gaseous and liquid effluents and further classified according to the industrial processes from which they originate. The dataset was compiled through a systematic review applied to relevant articles published between the years 1990 and 2025, sourced from the Science Direct database.</ns3:p>