Climate, Energy, and Health: A Systematic Review of Global Risks and Resilience Pathways

The interconnectedness of health, climate, and sustainable development is highlighted by the converging global crises of the twenty‐first century. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), extreme weather events, food insecurity, and forced migration are just a few ways in which climate change disproportionately impacts vulnerable groups and is no longer a problem that only threatens the future. These effects, along with serious global health challenges, reveal systemic weaknesses that require prompt, coordinated responses. The Global Burden of Disease Study 1 indicates that accidents, infectious diseases, and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) all contribute to the years lived with disability in nearly every country. Oral disorders are now recognized as a neglected global public health issue, affecting billions worldwide. 2 Likewise, multimorbidity, mental health issues, and visual impairment expose health system inequities and the need for long‐term healthcare. 3,4,5 The World Health Organization (WHO)–United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)–Lancet Commission further underscores that children today face a future threatened by growing socioeconomic disparities, climate concerns, and insufficient health protections. 6