Effects of combined entacapone and rTMS therapy on pain severity and serum inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6 and TNF-α) in Parkinson's disease

High-frequency rTMS, as a non-invasive neuromodulation technique combined with EN, improves muscle rigidity, alleviates depressive symptoms, reduces pain, and attenuates inflammatory factor secretion in PD patients, can improve muscle tension, regulate depression, relieve pain, and reduce the secretion of inflammatory factors in Parkinson's patients.This combined therapy was clinically effective and demonstrated a favorable safety profile, with no serious adverse events reported and only mild, transient side effects (e.g., scalp discomfort, headache) observed in the rTMS group. However, its long-term efficacy requires further investigation.