Targeted therapy for biliary tract cancer: facts and fictions as well as demands and challenges

Early and accurate diagnosis remains the cornerstone of successful BTC treatment. Noninvasive biomarkers, particularly liquid biopsy platforms, hold promise for improving detection and monitoring. Clinically, the establishment of high-volume BTC centers with integrated scientific and medical expertise is essential to translate molecular analyses into personalized therapies. Moreover, systematic incorporation of BTC-related clinical and molecular data into international multicenter trials is imperative. Such integration will refine therapeutic paradigms, accelerate drug development, and foster innovation through strategic collaborations with pharmaceutical industry consortia.