Analyzing al‐Ghazali’s Perspective on Christianity: A Critical Examination of <i> al‐Raddu al‐Jamīlu li Ilahiyyat <scp>ʿĪsā</scp> bi‐Ṣarīḥi al‐Injīli </i>

Abstract A comprehensive understanding of the thoughts and sources referenced by dialogue partners is fundamental to effective interfaith dialogue. This article offers a scholarly analysis of Imam al‐Ghazali’s (d. 1111 CE) approach to interfaith dialogue, particularly his interactions with Christianity as outlined in his work, al‐Raddu al‐Jamīlu li Ilahiyyat ʿĪsā bi‐Ṣarīḥi al‐Injīli. Employing a content analysis methodology, this study examines al‐Ghazali’s principal writings on interreligious engagement, with a special emphasis on Christian‐Muslim relations. The findings indicate that al‐Ghazali adopts a triadic approach: debate, theological comparison, and apologetics. He begins by identifying the primary theological divergence between Islam and Christianity—the divinity of Jesus. Subsequently, he employs theological comparison, reinterpreting contentious texts by referencing both the Gospel and the Qur’an. Additionally, al‐Ghazali uses rational critique to highlight the perceived weaknesses in Christian doctrinal positions. This study suggests that al‐Ghazali’s method can be instrumental in contemporary theological discourse, promoting a nuanced and critical exploration of the areas of convergence and divergence among different religious traditions.