Logical Operations with a Dynamical Qubit in Floquet-Bacon-Shor Code

Quantum error correction (QEC) protects quantum systems against inevitable noises and control inaccuracies, providing a pathway toward fault-tolerant (FT) quantum computation. Stabilizer codes, including surface code and color code, have long been the focus of research and have seen significant experimental progress in recent years. Recently proposed time-dynamical QEC, including Floquet codes and generalized time-dynamical code implementations, opens up new opportunities for FT quantum computation. By employing a periodic schedule of low-weight parity checks, Floquet codes can generate additional dynamical logical qubits, offering enhanced error correction capabilities and, potentially, higher code performance. Here, we experimentally implement the Floquet-Bacon-Shor code on a superconducting quantum processor. We encode a dynamical logical qubit within a 3×3 lattice of data qubits alongside a conventional static logical qubit. We demonstrate FT encoding and measurement of the two-qubit logical states and stabilize these states using repeated error detection. We showcase universal single-qubit logical gates on the dynamical qubit. Furthermore, by implementing a logical controlled-not (cnot) gate, we entangle the dynamical and static logical qubits, generating an error-detected logical Bell state with a fidelity of 75.9%. Our results highlight the potential of Floquet codes for resource-efficient FT quantum computation.

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Publication Details

Journal
Physical Review Letters
Published
2025-11-06
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1103/425n-6k9s
Primary Topic
Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

Logical Operations with a Dynamical Qubit in Floquet-Bacon-Shor Code

Xiaoming Sun, Wenhui Huang, Ji Chu, Xiayu Linpeng et al.
Physical Review Letters
Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
article

Logical Operations with a Dynamical Qubit in Floquet-Bacon-Shor Code

Xiaoming Sun, Wenhui Huang, Ji Chu, Xiayu Linpeng, Qixian Li, Zhiyi Wu, Yunqiang Xiong, Ziyu Tao, Youpeng Zhong, Yuefeng Yuan, Chunsong Xie, Ji Jiang, Yuxuan Zhou, Longcheng Li, Peisheng Huang, Zechen Guo, Jingjing Niu, Jiawei Qiu, Dali Sun, Libo Zhang, Song Liu, Zilin Wang, Dapeng Yu, Yongqi Liang, Jiajian Zhang, Zihao Zhang, Jiawei Zhang, Wenhui Ren, Xuandong Sun, Weijie Guo, Xiaohan Yang, Yiting Liu
article en

Abstract

Quantum error correction (QEC) protects quantum systems against inevitable noises and control inaccuracies, providing a pathway toward fault-tolerant (FT) quantum computation. Stabilizer codes, including surface code and color code, have long been the focus of research and have seen significant experimental progress in recent years. Recently proposed time-dynamical QEC, including Floquet codes and generalized time-dynamical code implementations, opens up new opportunities for FT quantum computation. By employing a periodic schedule of low-weight parity checks, Floquet codes can generate additional dynamical logical qubits, offering enhanced error correction capabilities and, potentially, higher code performance. Here, we experimentally implement the Floquet-Bacon-Shor code on a superconducting quantum processor. We encode a dynamical logical qubit within a 3×3 lattice of data qubits alongside a conventional static logical qubit. We demonstrate FT encoding and measurement of the two-qubit logical states and stabilize these states using repeated error detection. We showcase universal single-qubit logical gates on the dynamical qubit. Furthermore, by implementing a logical controlled-not (cnot) gate, we entangle the dynamical and static logical qubits, generating an error-detected logical Bell state with a fidelity of 75.9%. Our results highlight the potential of Floquet codes for resource-efficient FT quantum computation.

Physical Review LettersVol. 135(22)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN), Peking University (CN), Ningxia University (CN), Southern University of Science and Technology (CN), Hefei University (CN), Institute of Computing Technology (CN), Quantum (Australia) (AU), Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences (CN), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
Openalex Percentile: Top 80%
Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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