Phenomenology of quantum bounce in the Klein-Gordon, Wheeler-DeWitt, and Dirac formalisms

We investigate the different meanings that the concept of quantum bounce acquires in various formalisms. The original idea refers to the phenomenology that appears in the Klein-Gordon framework when homogeneous cosmologies are considered. In that case, the quantum bounce describes the quantum scattering between a collapsing and an expanding Universe branch, and therefore provides a quantum description of the semiclassical big bounce mechanism. Here, we show that the proposal of the quantum big bounce is well grounded, thanks to the computation of the volume operator mean values and its standard deviation in the Wheeler-DeWitt framework for the isotropic case. Then, we analyze the Bianchi models in the Dirac approach, now showing that the quantum bounce concept can be implemented to describe the Kasner transitions of the Belinski-Khalatnikov-Lifshitz map at a quantum level. In summary, the quantum scattering framework borrowed from particle physics can serve as a good model for different cosmological scenarios, which can exhibit scalarlike or fermioniclike behaviors depending on how the anisotropies are described in the dynamics.