Navigating Dual Pathways with Hybrid Entrepreneurship in Developing Contexts: A Review of Key Drivers and Gaps in Literature

Entrepreneurship has received global recognition as a viable strategy for economic development. However, the need to engage in both full-time employment and entrepreneurial activities has given rise to hybrid entrepreneurship. Consequently, this emerging form of entrepreneurship has attracted academic interest. Nevertheless, the specific motives for hybrid entrepreneurship remain significantly underexplored, especially in developing countries. Thus, this literature review examines the key drivers of hybrid entrepreneurship in the context of developing countries. Drawing from peer reviewed literature published across online databases, the review synthesizes relevant literature on hybrid entrepreneurship to identify its key drivers. Key drivers for hybrid entrepreneurship in developing countries include self-fulfillment, supplementary income, protecting the security of their profession and risk management. The review also highlights limited research on women hybrid entrepreneurs, comparative studies across countries, industries or professions and a lack of longitudinal studies to highlight trends in hybrid entrepreneurs’ motives. The study recommends industry specific research to understand the drivers of hybrid entrepreneurship relevant to specific professions. Furthermore, the study recommends relevant stakeholders including policymakers, governments and employers to design targeted support programs for hybrid entrepreneurs including funding, innovation and intrapreneurship opportunities.