Risk assessment of <scp> LH ₂ </scp> storage handling system using fuzzy failure mode effect criticality analysis

Abstract The safe handling of liquid hydrogen (LH 2 ) is critical to the advancement of hydrogen‐based technologies, particularly in process industries, the energy sector, and in automobile and aerospace engineering. Due to the extreme properties of hydrogen, including low boiling point, high flammability, and susceptibility to leaks, LH 2 handling systems pose significant safety challenges. A comprehensive risk assessment is essential to identify and mitigate potential hazards associated with these systems. This paper analyzes 40 hydrogen‐based accidents and demonstrates the application of fuzzy failure mode, effects, and criticality analysis (FMECA) to assess risks in LH 2 handling systems. By integrating fuzzy logic into traditional FMECA, the methodology addresses the inherent uncertainties and subjective judgement that are always associated with the failure modes and their impacts. The present study aims to enhance safety and reliability and guides in decision‐making for the design and operation of LH 2 handling systems. The findings also contribute to the broader efforts of promoting safe and sustainable hydrogen infrastructure.