Cross-species validation of a 6-miRNA blood signature for Parkinson’s disease: from MPTP mice to human PBMC and serum exosomes

The signature showed platform-agnostic stability, performing comparably in PBMC and serum exosomes despite biological and technical differences. A 6-miRNA signature derived from acute MPTP response translates effectively to human blood samples, demonstrating reproducible PD discrimination across multiple platforms. The compact panel size and cross-platform compatibility support its potential for clinical biomarker development. By integrating AI-enhanced feature selection and permutation-based validation, this study provides a reproducible framework for biomarker discovery and a foundation for future early detection and precision medicine in Parkinson's disease.