Prevalence and risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among older hospital cleaners in Wenzhou, China

Older hospital cleaners experience a considerable burden of WMSDs. Working in uncomfortable postures, staff shortage, and long working hours are major risk factors. Comprehensive interventions targeting ergonomic improvements, organizational management optimization, and occupational health surveillance are recommended, with priority given to early screening and intervention, particularly for workers transitioning into older age groups. These findings provide evidence for occupational health protection in the context of the delayed retirement policy in China.