Spillover effects of military healthcare reform on civilian hospitals in China

The 2015 military reform inadvertently prompted an expansion of civilian hospital services to absorb displaced patient demand, illustrating the spillover effects of policy interventions in hybrid healthcare systems. These findings underscored the interdependence between military and civilian healthcare infrastructures and demonstrated the utility of procurement data for health policy analysis. Future reforms should consider such cross-system dynamics to minimize unintended spillover effects in access to healthcare.