Evaluation of carbonyl collection methods in electronic cigarette aerosols

The likely cause for the underestimation by the I-I method is the inefficient collection of particle phase bound carbonyls by the impingers and, possibly, wall losses in the inlet of the impinger. Based on our results, C provides the best approach for carbonyl collection in e-cig aerosols, while I-I that is used in the standard testing method can underestimate carbonyl emissions when measuring high concentration aerosols such as those produced by 'mod' devices.