Single-cell transcriptomics identifies FOSL1-regulated IGFBP3+ melanoma subtype as a neuro-immunoregulatory signaling hub facilitating tumor progression

We identified immunoregulatory C2 <i>IGFBP3</i>+ melanoma cell subtypes in our investigation, and FOSL1 was a crucial transcription factor that aided in cell migration, proliferation, and survival. Because the C2 subtype involves the MHC-II and PROS signaling pathways, which have been shown to have roles in neuroimmunology, neuroinflammation, and pain regulation, it may serve as a hub for neuro-immune interactions in the tumor microenvironment. Precision treatments for melanoma may be advanced by focusing on the FOSL1 or C2 subtype pathways, which may assist in overcoming immunotherapy resistance.