Petrophysics-guided velocity analysis and seismic data reprocessing to improve mineral exploration targeting in the Irish Zn-Pb Orefield

Abstract. The Limerick Syncline, part of the Irish Zn-Pb Orefield in southwest Ireland, represents a geologically complex and relatively underexplored region, despite hosting the Stonepark and Pallas Green Zn-Pb deposits. The mineral deposits in the Syncline are largely stratabound Zn-Pb systems hosted within Mississippian carbonates. In the area, a thick volcanic sequence overlies and interfingers with the carbonate host rocks, mineralisation and alteration. This has posed significant challenges to seismic imaging in the region, resulting in a poor understanding of the overall structural setting. This study presents an optimised seismic processing workflow tailored to these geological complexities and applied to a 2D seismic reflection profile. The workflow integrates information from newly acquired downhole and laboratory P-wave velocity data with first-arrival travel-time tomography to produce a new velocity model for post-stack migration. This resulted in better signal recovery and enhanced reflector coherence, in particular, reflection continuity. As a result, imaging of key stratigraphic boundaries, internal form lines and the lateral interfingering of volcanic and carbonate units was enhanced. Acoustic impedance analysis using laboratory density data enabled a better understanding of the origins of seismic reflectivity and a more confident geological interpretation of the laterally variable lithologies. A chaotic, low-amplitude seismic facies was recognised representing laterally persistent breccia corridors which may provide a practical indirect seismic proxy for significantly hydrothermally altered zones in the carbonates. Critically, two major previously unrecognised basin-scale faults were identified to the south of the Stonepark and Pallas Green deposits, bounding a significant (half-)graben. Thickness patterns and igneous packages indicate late Tournaisian to early Viséan syn-depositional faulting coeval with emplacement of the Limerick Igneous Suite, with subsequent Variscan inversion providing a net-zero displacement at the surface. These results expand the exploration research space beyond the known mineralisation areas, especially around normal faults on the southern flank of the Syncline.