Integrated Model for the Ecological Transition of Small Islands: Dss, Energy Hub and Sustainable Mobility

This paper presents an integrated and scalable model for the sustainable planning and management of energy and mobility systems in small Mediterranean islands. The proposal is based on an advanced Decision Support System (DSS), connected to a multifunctional energy hub powered by local renewable sources, including photovoltaic systems and wave energy converters (WEC). The system coordinates on-demand electric transport, shared mobility, and smart charging stations, optimizing energy flows between mobility, public services, and buildings. Simulations conducted on a case study inspired by a typical Mediterranean island (population <5,000) indicate the potential for reducing <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\text{CO}_{2}$</tex> emissions by over 25% within five years and covering up to 70% of mobility-related energy needs through local renewables. The model aligns with the objectives of the European Green Deal and the Italian National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR) and represents a replicable solution for insular and remote territories.