TomoSAR from Theory to Practice – Overview of the Advancements and Challenges

Synthetic Aperture Radar Tomography (TomoSAR) is a transformative technique for multi-dimensional imaging, enabling detailed analysis of complex environments. This paper provides an overview of TomoSAR, exploring its technological advancements and the practical challenges. We delve into the principles of TomoSAR and its ability to synthesize elevation arrays for precise scatterer separation in the vertical dimension. The paper reviews key advancements to enhance the robustness of the TomoSAR inversion process. We also discuss emerging solutions, particularly the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and deep learning models, as well as the ongoing development of spaceborne SAR systems with improved revisit times. Finally, the paper outlines future directions for TomoSAR, emphasizing its potential for global-scale monitoring and interdisciplinary collaboration to extend its capabilities in environmental and urban monitoring