Capturing colour on HMS <i>Beagle</i> : Charles Darwin and <i>Werner’s Nomenclature of Colours</i> (1821)

During the forty-thousand-mile voyage of HMS <i>Beagle</i> (1831-6) Charles Darwin compiled an extensive corpus of manuscript materials, containing a highly specialized chromatic vocabulary. Darwin's dedicated use of binomial colour terms, such as 'aurora red', 'orpiment orange' and 'gamboge yellow', was the result of his regular consultation of a work popular among British naturalists: <i>Werner's Nomenclature of Colours</i> (1821) by Patrick Syme. A copy of this compact colour manual was among Darwin's 'most useful' possessions on the <i>Beagle</i>. Now held in Cambridge University Library (DAR LIB T.620), Darwin's copy of Syme's book evidences both the difficulties of capturing accurate colour in exploratory natural history and the mechanisms by which this was attempted. Mining the <i>Beagle</i> archive for representations of coloured phenomena, this article reveals for the first time the extent of Darwin's reliance on <i>Werner's Nomenclature</i> for collecting and communicating chromatic data, across distance and against the fugitive, subjective and shifting nature of natural hues.