Recent approaches to enhance post-harvest handling of cut flowers for global export market

The global floriculture industry, particularly the trade in cut flowers, has witnessed significant growth over recent decades, becoming a vital component of agricultural exports for many nations. However, cut flowers are highly perishable commodities, highly susceptible to physiological deterioration, microbial contamination and abiotic stresses post-harvest. Effective postharvest handling is essential to preserve quality attributes such as colour, turgidity, scent and vase life parameters critical for consumer satisfaction and marketability. This review explores recent scientific and technological advances in postharvest handling practices aimed at enhancing flower longevity and ensuring competitiveness in international markets. Topics include the use of chemical preservatives, ethylene inhibitors and genetic improvements; advances in microbial control using UV-C, ozone and essential oils; integration of automated grading systems using AI and machine vision; and the adoption of innovative, sustainable packaging solutions including biodegradable materials, smart packaging and Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP).