The Chemistry and Thermodynamics of Point Source CO ₂ Capture by Liquid Chemical Absorption and Its Impact on Process Performance

Point source carbon capture is a technology that has been developed to separate carbon dioxide (CO₂) from gas mixtures prior to emission to the atmosphere. It is considered a crucial technology to manage CO₂ emissions from fossil fuel-based heat and power and industrial processes as part of emissions reduction strategies. The most mature technology is reactive chemical absorption using aqueous amines, with other options emerging. In this review we have described the chemistry of liquid-based reactive chemical absorption and examined the current state-of-the-art in terms of the molecules being investigated. We have also highlighted the critical properties relevant for an absorbent to be effective for carbon capture. The chemical and physical properties have also been considered in terms of how they influence process performance, both positively and negatively, with emphasis on the multifaceted nature of this relationship and the importance of understanding both the chemistry and chemical engineering when endeavoring to make improvements.