Genetic Counseling in Nephrology: Challenges and Opportunities

Genetic testing is increasingly used in nephrology to diagnose hereditary kidney diseases, guide therapy, and inform transplant decisions. However, integrating genetic data into routine care presents ethical, logistical, and psychosocial challenges. This review outlines the key elements of genetic counseling in nephrology, including testing modalities, informed consent, legal and regulatory frameworks, and interpretation of complex results. In the Indian setting, rapid growth in genetic testing outpaces current policy and infrastructure, raising concerns about data privacy, cost, and protection from genetic discrimination. As genomic medicine continues to expand, nephrologists have an important role in advocating responsible testing practices and supporting patients through complex genetic information.