Implantable Drug Delivery Systems for Skeletal Muscles and Eyes

Chronic diseases require regular medication intake over a long period of time, which induce a poor adherence to treatment by patients. To overcome this limitation, new implantable drug delivery systems (IDDS) are being developed to allow optimized local drug release over a long period (often few months or years), reducing side effects and improving patient compliance. In this review, we provide an overview on IDDS that have been fabricated for the delivery of drugs to skeletal muscles, and to eyes. We organizes this review by IDDS types with an emphasis on recent studies conducted between 2019 and 2024. After an introduction on IDDS (including IDDS market, method of fabrication, materials used, classification, and applications), we discuss their great diversity, fabrication procedures, drug release analysis, and their operational time. Our main goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of various types of IDDS used for skeletal muscles and eyes and discuss the evolution of these systems. We concludes the review with future developments and perspectives.