Radioprotective and Radiomitigative Effects of Resveratrol in Radiation-Induced Reproductive Toxicity in Male Mice

<b>Background</b>: Agents with free radical-scavenging functions may act as radiation modifiers, protectors, or mitigators. <b>Methods</b>: We investigated whether supplementation with resveratrol (RSV) in mice, at different times after the beginning of X-irradiation, may influence sperm count and quality during the irradiation and recovery. <b>Results</b>: Irradiation importantly decreased the sperm count. RSV supplemented with 1 Gy since 24 h increased sperm count. The combination of low doses increased, whereas the combination of high doses reduced DNA damage. Coadministration of two high doses since the eighth day significantly increased DNA damage and slightly increased sperm count. The supplementation of RSV during recovery was toxic to irradiated males. The sperm parameters were a little better in the absence of RSV. The degree of DNA injury of germ cells was importantly lower in groups combined with 1 Gy. <b>Conclusions</b>: Resveratrol counteracted the radiation-induced death of germ cells and improved the sperm count. RSV may function as radioprotector (before or during exposure) and radiomitigator (after exposure) of lethal effects in male gametes. The combination of high doses of irradiation with RSV over 24 h mitigated DNA damage. Contrarily, supplementation during recovery is not recommended since it may be toxic during long-lasting irradiation.