Methylene blue treatment of fatal cerebral malaria and identification of potential blood biomarkers
Cerebral malaria (CM) is a severe complication caused by Plasmodium falciparum infection, leading to persistent neurological impairments in survivors. To understand the complex mechanisms and investigate advanced diagnostic and treatment strategies targeting human CM, we utilize Plasmodium coatneyi-infected male rhesus macaques, a non-human primate model closely resembling P. falciparum infection in humans. Through differential gene expression analysis, our study demonstrates methylene blue's efficacy in reversing the detrimental effects of infection on the brainstem. Furthermore, by comparing our brainstem dataset from P. coatneyi-infected Macaca mulatta with two additional transcriptomic datasets (P. coatneyi-infected M. mulatta blood and P. falciparum-infected human blood), we identify nine genes associated with CM severity. Most of these genes are expressed in neutrophils, indicating their potential as blood biomarkers for diagnosing P. falciparum-induced fatal CM. This research highlights the necessity for new CM treatments and reveals promising biomarkers that could improve diagnosis and prognosis in affected individuals.
Authors
- Josephine Lum (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1108-5989)
- Samuel C. Wassmer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6753-3376)
- Bernett Teck Kwong Lee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2709-1972)
- Shihui Foo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2908-8013)
- Jing Wen Hang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9491-4492)
- Vipin Narang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8669-9964)
- Benoît Malleret (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9658-7528)
- Bruce Russell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2333-4348)
- Laurent Rénia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0349-1557)
- Eric Lombardini (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9576-9186)
- Piyanate Sunyakumthorn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8054-6673)
- Gareth D. H. Turner
- Yew Wai Leong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7709-3696)
- Rawiwan Im‐Erbsin
- Arthur E. Brown
Institutions
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (SG)
- National University of Singapore (SG)
- Nanyang Technological University (SG)
- Mahidol University (TH)
- Singapore Immunology Network (SG)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (GB)
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Science (TH)
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (TH)
- Nagasaki University (JP)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2025-11-26
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-65552-y
- Citations
- 1
- Primary Topic
- Malaria Research and Control
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 1.88