Significant Age-Related Visual Declines but Preserved Binocular Summation of Contrast Sensitivity and Visual Acuity Across Adulthood

Despite significant age-related visual decline, binocular summation for both CS and VA remains robust across adulthood. These findings suggest that the cortical mechanisms supporting binocular integration are largely preserved with normal aging and provide clinically meaningful benchmarks for assessing binocular vision throughout adulthood.