Effect of nanocellulose content in a polymer-based soil stabilizer on the wind erosion resistance of sandy soil under laboratory conditions

Wind erosion remains a major driver of land degradation in arid environments, highlighting the need for sustainable soil stabilization strategies. This study investigates a biodegradable nanocomposite polymer binder synthesized from walnut shell-derived nanocellulose (WSNC), grafted onto poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) [P(AA-AM)], and applied to stabilize sandy soils in varying concentrations and single- and double-layer configurations. Structural and morphological analyses using FTIR, XRD, and FE-SEM confirmed successful grafting and revealed the semi-crystalline structure and nanoscale morphology of WSNC particles. Laboratory evaluations comprising compressive strength, shear resistance, crust thickness, and wind tunnel tests identified the 3% WSNC formulation under two-layer application (T6) as the most effective treatment. This treatment achieved maximum compressive strength (235.36 ± 26.14 kPa), shear resistance (1.6 ± 0.17 kPa), and complete suppression of wind erosion. Although further increases in WSNC content did not enhance crust thickness, improvements in particle cohesion and mechanical integrity were evident. Morphological observations further validated that the stabilizer modified the soil fabric and bonding structure, which was consistent with the observed mechanical strength and erosion resistance trends. Overall, WSNC-based nanocomposites present a promising, eco-friendly solution for soil stabilization in arid regions while offering a valuable reuse strategy for agricultural waste.