Energy Efficiency Optimization in Heterogeneous 5G Networks Using DUDe

To meet the escalating data demands of 5G and beyond networks, densified Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) provide a promising solution, deploying small base stations for improved spectral and energy efficiency. However, HetNets pose challenges, particularly in user association. This journal introduces the Downlink/Uplink Decoupling (DUDe) approach, which enhances uplink performance in HetNets by allowing different access points for uplink and downlink associations. We assess DUDe’s energy efficiency through extensive simulations across various scenarios, demonstrating substantial energy savings compared to centralized 5G systems. Our findings underscore the importance of energy-efficient design for reducing network operational costs and carbon footprint in 5G networks. In addition to energy efficiency gains, DUDe also offers improved resource allocation and network flexibility, making it a valuable solution for evolving wireless communication ecosystems.